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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/2015699a-a6be-4e0f-90ed-799a232f3d4a/FB_IMG_1629717591391.jpg Gallery With the director of Éditions AfricAvenir and my fellow writers, laureates of the 2016 National Literary Competition for Young Authors (organized by the Ministry of Arts and Culture of Cameroon). Together at the AfricAvenir stand at the Yaoundé International Book Fair, presenting our collection of award-winning texts. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/cd759797-a32f-46a8-a724-8d90d7a71be6/50870646_619204675188795_3841825513010102272_n.jpg Gallery Surrounded by Stories: Editorial Life Behind the Scenes, 2016 Douala. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/e94fdf99-cf1b-4340-8c20-ad4ba8fa0b3f/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-05.jpg Gallery At a 2016 training seminar for a delegation of anthropology students from the University of Douala on memory-work and heritage issues, where I presented the programs of the AfricAvenir International Foundation at the library in Cheikh Anta Diop, Douala. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/a7fd9450-a80b-4511-a3f7-e3187ed570e4/Screenshot+2025-10-30+at+4.41.09%E2%80%AFPM.png Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/f9418879-30ca-4ca4-b74a-a98046ec2955/PHOTO-2025-10-30-17-14-33.jpg Gallery Presentation of AfricAvenir Publishing’s collections at the International Conference of African Germanists. University of Yaoundé 1, 2018 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/51dcbe7d-2691-4f14-8982-bbc7fda67d1d/PHOTO-2025-10-30-17-12-41.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/42cf197d-fb55-4093-bb3d-86845c02e39e/PHOTO-2025-10-30-17-13-23.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/1761696109100-YBHPPKQRRHGI9USY3VRM/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-06%2B2.jpg Gallery Honored to receive a Participation Award at the 2017 Libreville International Book and Arts Fair, representing AfricAvenir Editions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/a8a388a6-cc6a-4c3b-9c39-5e1e9ab42397/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-08.jpg Gallery At AfricAvenir Editions’ 2017 open house, discussing the Foundation’s mission and activities with curious University of Douala students in Douala. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/1761696321871-A9BFTY4VUA5QDRO798V8/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-04%2B2.jpg Gallery With Pabe Mongo, the President of the Cameroon Association of Poets and Writers at the Ministry of Arts and Culture, 2018 — for the official unveiling of the anthology of winners from the National Literary Contest for Young Cameroonian Authors, in Yaoundé. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/be7f3167-5e93-40d7-acca-a5f2125d1128/PHOTO-2025-10-26-19-25-06.jpg Gallery Interviewed by the Gerda Henkel Foundation at their Düsseldorf headquarters, Germany 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/7d7fe9c4-c668-493d-bccb-780922f8af6b/PHOTO-2025-11-03-14-06-29.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/866927df-615e-4636-9ebd-88558acf0038/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-06.jpg Gallery Representing Editions AfricAvenir at the 2018 Frankfurt Book Fair, sharing the fruits of the Africa's Collective Memory project and bringing the stories, knowledge, and spirit of our publishing house to the world. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/1761867596169-J6LSRJN8H7JSDANATR63/PHOTO-2025-10-29-07-33-03%2B2.jpg Gallery At the Yaoundé International Book Fair (2019), engaging visitors as I present AfricAvenir’s latest publications and the findings of the “Africa’s Collective Memory” project on German colonialism in Africa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/98e96f5d-4af7-4c83-98f4-71fef14af133/33118863_1958650857541535_7359472104313454592_n+%281%29.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/1761867552482-3J11AJZ6LLLWCEV0QJLT/PHOTO-2025-10-29-07-33-03.jpg Gallery At the Yaoundé International Book Fair (2019), engaging visitors as I present AfricAvenir’s latest publications and the findings of the “Africa’s Collective Memory” project on German colonialism in Africa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/1761696413996-VR31UJJ4NHKH3QCCWFIV/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-09%2B2.jpg Gallery On the panel at the launch conference marking 50 years of literary and scientific achievement by Professor Kum’a Ndumbe III, 2019 in Douala. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/1eda4d0d-9585-449c-9570-89110bbca4ce/PHOTO-2025-10-26-19-21-35.jpg Gallery On air in 2019 at Radio Balafon, Cameroon, discussing the looting of sacred and cultural artifacts and promoting an event organized by the AfricAvenir Foundation on the return of the Tangué — the princely prow and symbol of power of the Bele Bele — now housed at the Museum Five in Munich. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/017ff44c-016d-496e-875d-56353fe571d1/PHOTO-2025-10-26-19-23-58.jpg Gallery Guest speaker at the “African Contemporary Witnesses to German Colonialism” conference, held during the Frankfurt International Book Fair, Germany 2018 — sharing insights on history, memory, and African perspectives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/04c93786-2685-4aee-806c-e128b50adaa3/PHOTO-2025-10-26-19-24-31.jpg Gallery Guest speaker at the “African Contemporary Witnesses to German Colonialism” conference, held during the Frankfurt International Book Fair, Germany 2018 — sharing insights on history, memory, and African perspectives. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/ab0e603f-d006-4d56-89fe-048667d4f2b4/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-07+5.jpg Gallery At the Frankfurt International Book Fair, Germany 2018, signing my very first book produced under the Africas Collective Memory project. A deeply emotional moment, filled with immense joy, as I personalized a copy for a German reader who requested I write a dedication in my mother tongue, Bankon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/3701c9ca-ffc7-40c1-a805-2aa252a13513/60338327_126993371823510_5767070016763592704_n.jpg Gallery My colleagues and I are pictured here standing in front of the replica of the Tangué, a princely prow stolen during German colonization, whose restitution is one of the central missions of the AfricAvenir International Foundation. At our side is Anne Weber, a journalist from Deutschlandfunk, who came to produce a report on the history of this object and the stakes surrounding its restitution. Douala 2019 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/be772dc8-6ebd-4cca-891d-9e264a5992a3/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-09.jpg Gallery Bridging histories: discussing German colonial legacies in Africa with international media to amplify African perspectives, 2019 Douala. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/6bca7b62-ec58-4f09-8293-a5997fba8957/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-07+3.jpg Gallery Honoring Cameroonian heroes of the anti-colonial struggle, alongside kings and political leaders, at a 2019 ceremony organized by AfricAvenir International in Douala — a powerful tribute to courage, legacy, and national pride. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/a9776ce0-738c-4ca2-88da-034d54d34b21/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-07+4.jpg Gallery With Professor Kum’a Ndumbe III and Editions AfricAvenir Director Ingoborg Mautner at the 2nd International Douala Meeting on the Restitution of African Collective Memory (2019), presenting the latest publications from the project. Behind us stands a Cameroonian replica of the famous Tangué, whose original—held by Munich’s Museum of the Five Continents—remains a subject of controversy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/38399c9d-ddfa-499d-94a4-35a8b58ca795/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-09+3.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/c3c40893-fd02-4d0d-bb1e-9671eb5b294b/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-03.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/464f6339-ef3c-4df3-82fe-f77a0564d8dc/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-08+2.jpg Gallery Honored to present a donation of books from the 2019 Africa’s Collective Memory Project to the distinguished African Egyptologist, Professor Théophile Obenga, during a ceremony held in his honor in Douala — representing AfricAvenir International Foundation. A moment of deep emotion and respect. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/fe8935d3-04e5-42d9-a780-0cf695dd4b60/PHOTO-2025-10-26-18-51-00.jpg Gallery Posing with the transcribed interview manuscripts from the Africa’s Collective Memory project at AfricAvenir Publishing (2020). The two upper rows show the finished publications—books already available for research and teaching—while the bottom row represents the initial stage: freshly delivered transcripts from the project’s transcribers, ready to enter the editorial process. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/a3cc676f-0ea8-4ff7-a887-bbceb58f2a22/PHOTO-2025-10-30-17-18-05.jpg Gallery Celebrating German language and culture with students, faculty, and enthusiasts at the German Club, University of New Mexico, 2021 — bringing the department’s cultural activities to life. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/1761697531421-OP8OCR1LBJW0J9YP0848/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-07%2B2.jpg Gallery Guiding my advanced German students at the University of New Mexico through the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, 2021 — resilience, learning, and connection in unprecedented times. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/1761697505786-I7A6PFE0KYKJ6J7XJ9OC/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-06%2B3.jpg Gallery Closing the 2022 Trans-Atlantic Summer Institute (TASI) on “Reparations: A Global Affair” — two weeks of deep reflection on colonial histories, reparative justice, and global solidarity with fellow scholars and professors at the University of Minnesota. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/72cceaca-4289-4c4d-b74e-0c45dd76fce6/486580356_28789785080668082_3908579515974143167_n.jpg Gallery Standing in remembrance at the site of George Floyd’s murder in Minneapolis. 2022 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/1761697579940-6Z03J06R50IHDTKZ91I9/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-04%2B5.jpg Gallery Sharing a moment with my beginner German students at the University of New Mexico, 2022, USA — guiding new learners on their journey into language and culture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/1761696025731-RMHRDLFG6RNCJO2LJR45/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-04%2B3.jpg Gallery Celebrating graduation with Professor Emerita Susanne Baackmann, who supervised my Master’s work, at the 2023 diploma ceremony of the Department of Languages, Cultures, and Literatures, University of New Mexico. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/1761695893544-VZ4O7QXAIYWROC7R6P3Q/PHOTO-2025-10-26-07-15-04.jpg Gallery Graduation day — Master’s in German Studies, University of New Mexico, 2023. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/2d75baf2-7db9-4131-848a-d6a50ebb667d/PHOTO-2025-10-29-23-10-50+2.jpg Gallery After a wonderful conversation on timely policy topics at the Hoover Institution — with my mentor Professor Russell Berman, Jendayi Frazer (former US Ambassador to South Africa), and colleagues Gift Iyoku and Oluwakemisola Omolola Adeusi, peers in the German Department (Stanford, 2023). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/1761867419899-YC32Y5QZVDTNFEPVDC8X/PHOTO-2025-10-29-23-10-50.jpg Gallery Delivering an in-class presentation on German-language immigration literature during my studies at Stanford University, 2024. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/211f655a-fc29-4898-8eb8-48616b60d925/IMG_2145.jpeg Gallery Sharing a moment of conviviality and intercultural exchange with my international colleagues at the San Jose Learning Center, 2025. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/a1a02ea1-e3d7-44fb-83c9-8f80756de8ed/Zu+Gast+bei+L.I.S.A.+mit+Bertrand+Collins+Ngong+%E2%80%9EAfrikaner+m%C3%BCssen+wissen%2C+wer+sie+sind%E2%80%9C https://www.bertrandngong.com/pre-colonial-african-art-project daily 0.75 2025-12-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/827c4028-5b21-4c08-806d-4ea76e5803fc/Coiffures+chez+les+Bokis+.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Hairstyles in Ekoiland, Cameroon. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokulmente, 1908, p. 57. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/09593f25-9c75-4fad-a2bb-d616fac04d4d/Screenshot+2025-11-04+143622.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Photograph after original paintings by the woman Orok (lizards, leopard, dog), in Ekoiland, Cameroon. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokumente, 1908, p. 145. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/d99d1bbf-51a0-468c-a0dc-ee4fd77cf488/Screenshot+2025-11-04+143512.png Pre Colonial African Art Project 10. Sun and moon, 11. Halved calabash 12. Chameleon 13. Cocoa pod 14. Wild boar 15. Goat 16. Dog 17. Chicken In Ekoiland, Cameroon. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokumente, 1908, p. 122. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/c92b6e1c-818f-49fe-b012-f0771250179b/Screenshot+2025-12-04+093229.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Female soldier of King Ghezo’s guard (Dahomey) holding up a severed head. Source: Joseph Josenhans, Bilder aus der Missionswelt für die deutsche Jugend, 1855. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/b3e1e9ae-adf2-42d8-a2c9-7491ecc2d794/Screenshot+2025-11-04+143415.png Pre Colonial African Art Project 1. Lizard. 2. Man with whip. 3. Plant. 4. Fish. 5. Butterflies. 6. Flying squirrel. 7. Crocodile. 8. Snake. 9. Ngbe-juju. In Ekoiland, Cameroon. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokumente, 1908, p. 130. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/89d8377c-af27-499d-8de9-06290c1f9dd0/Screenshot+2025-11-04+143219.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Plaiting patterns on mat bags in Ekoiland, Cameroon. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokulmente, 1908, p. 111. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/7dbb9a57-901c-4812-9f88-8655ab3a7dcb/Screenshot+2025-11-04+143050.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Fig. 67. Boki chicken house (round shape). Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokumente, 1908, p. 85. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/646f0b1e-e7bc-4aa3-9689-3287a286e212/Screenshot+2025-11-04+142745.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/7cbcb446-d9ba-49d8-b3cc-fddfd8b47335/Obaschi.+Private+Chapel+in+the+Eko+Region.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Obaschi. Domestic chapel in Ekoiland, Cameroon. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokulmente, 1908, p. 3. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/9275064c-f674-4a47-b5ac-b08509f6aa28/Screenshot+2025-11-21+235129.png Pre Colonial African Art Project The architecture of a hut among the Kiziba (a tribe living in East Africa near Lake Victoria Nyanza). House construction: a, the finished house; b, the house framework in its initial stages; prevailing wind direction. Source : Hermann Rehse, Kiziba: Land und Leute Eine Monographie, 1910, p.9. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/8b04c447-a80d-48c7-b485-6f9b054b027d/Screenshot+2025-11-22+002322.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Nkang, dance mask of the Cross River natives. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokumente, 1908, p.5. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/845332b1-afa2-4967-89a2-81cecd92aa6c/Screenshot+2025-11-22+003423.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Fig. 22. Typical armchair in Ekoiland, Cameroon. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokulmente, 1908, p. 3. Fig. 20. Ground plan of a hut. I, II. Open interior space. a. Depression. c. Earthen bench. e. Earthen plinth. g. Doorway. III. Chamber. b. Hearth. d. Sleeping places. f. Passage. Fig. 21. Hearth. a–b. Seating bench. c. Calabashes or clay jars with fresh water. d. Calabashes, with wooden ornamentation in front. e. Fireplace. f. Drying rack. g and h. Storage place for calabashes. Ekoiland, Cameroon. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokumente, 1908, p. 38. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/3575511f-a321-4939-9bff-b09eecd0a348/Screenshot+2025-11-22+003644.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/002b4853-ce9a-4495-9f46-ffa2e77c6388/Screenshot+2025-11-22+003950.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/93a30f7c-de80-4b89-95fd-8bcd9c6d4a97/Screenshot+2025-11-22+004154.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Autumn fashions from Cameroon, in Ekoiland, Cameroon. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokulmente, 1908, p. 71. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/90a48d75-e2ab-474e-ac5d-8f9b9f176cb6/Screenshot+2025-11-22+004442.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Fig. 93. Plaiting pattern on a large mat bag. Fig. 94. Plaiting pattern. In Ekoiland, Cameroon. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokulmente, 1908, p. 112. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/fd2f490c-f202-4612-b4c4-5c97b081d093/Screenshot+2025-11-22+004642.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Fig. 101 a and b. String figure game (“cradle” game). a “Suspension bridge”. In Ekoiland, Cameroon. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokulmente, 1908. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/0084a7bc-0354-4194-850d-ab447a2d33be/Screenshot+2025-11-22+004819.png Pre Colonial African Art Project The interior of a well-built suspension bridge. In Ekoiland, Cameroon. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokulmente, 1908, p. 122. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/f5bf4d1d-3e08-4fc7-9c7e-6d36e9c3aadd/Screenshot+2025-11-22+005003.png Pre Colonial African Art Project The large wooden drum used for dance music in Ekoiland, Cameroon. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokulmente, 1908, p. 137. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/995e9841-6fa9-4356-b356-6b4bf5eeef61/Screenshot+2025-11-22+005232.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Haussa Dance, Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokulmente, 1908, p. 145. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/64593ad2-e87b-4080-a0a4-3aad7fccdfa4/Screenshot+2025-11-22+005415.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Fig. 117. The painter Orok, in her first attempt at painting on paper. Fig. 118. Wall painting in the palaver house at Bakang, to the left of the entrance. Four colours: white, black, yellow, red. Fig. 119. Wall painting to the right of the entrance, in Ekoiland, Cameroon. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokumente, 1908, p. 146. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/ee87421b-8959-4521-97ec-bf3bd90cf129/Screenshot+2025-11-22+005509.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Fig. 120. After original paintings: man smoking a pipe on the left, woman on the right. Fig. 121. After an original painting; the numbers indicate the order in which the six figures were painted. In Ekoiland, Cameroon. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokumente, 1908, p. 147. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/2b2a4c65-2049-43a8-b81a-82103523b922/Screenshot+2025-11-22+005614.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Fig. 122. Wall painting on the exterior wall of a house in Ekoiland. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokumente, 1908, p. 148. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/345a98a9-406b-452a-a341-4aa9c601be65/Screenshot+2025-11-22+005737.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Fig. 123. A famous wall painting in Ekoiland: palaver house in Okuri, “the Ngbe-juju”. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokumente, 1908, p. 149. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/cd555cd0-268b-495b-a368-4e8c4e8aba94/Screenshot+2025-11-22+005856.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Typical masks of the Cross River people. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokumente, 1908, p. 155. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/fb05c002-d8eb-4160-980e-6c48866d764a/Screenshot+2025-11-22+005937.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Typical masks of the Cross River people. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokumente, 1908, p. 154. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/54d85e9f-1407-4fd2-996f-12464de684a2/Screenshot+2025-11-22+010100.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Knives and knife handles. In Ekoiland, Cameroon, Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokumente, 1908, p. 157. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/7aba371e-1737-4034-a7f2-3b43f6fefeca/Screenshot+2025-11-22+010247.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Fig. 132. Carved wooden combs (pyrography/woodburning work). Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokumente, 1908, p. 149. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/1f071f14-bbe6-488e-8749-3c57c659ca24/Screenshot+2025-11-22+010519.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Signs for the numbers from 1 to 20. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokumente, 1908, p. 209. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/7bd8d917-523d-4da9-a616-e6e59212991c/Screenshot+2025-11-22+010644.png Pre Colonial African Art Project A dance mask. Source: Alfred Mansfeld, Urwald-Dokumente, 1908, p. 213. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/35e4ea36-8e2e-43e7-9db9-3b8633aab6e1/Screenshot+2025-11-22+011007.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Fig. 30. Hairstyles. a. kihara, worn by girls b. nkogato, worn by boys and unmarried young women c. kuezi, worn by small children d. bishuren-yonza, worn by small children Source : Hermann Rehse, Kiziba: Land und Leute: Eine Monographie, 1910, p.28. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/598d3cd0-1393-406c-a14d-721f3228068c/Screenshot+2025-11-22+011152.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Fig. 44. Daua horn. Fig. 45. Sultan’s daua horn. Fig. 46. Chopping knife. Fig. 47. Muyo arm knife. Fig. 48. Walking stick. Source : Hermann Rehse, Kiziba: Land und Leute: Eine Monographie, 1910, p.36. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/707d7eda-f5f2-4b5c-a13f-5905dff7f154/Screenshot+2025-11-22+011500.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Fig. 75. Board game among the Kiziba. Source : Hermann Rehse, Kiziba: Land und Leute: Eine Monographie, 1910, p.36. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/4e09816c-700f-45b4-988e-1c866666a5ba/Screenshot+2025-11-22+011559.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Fig. 77. A Kiziba wooden mask of the court jester. Source : Hermann Rehse, Kiziba: Land und Leute: Eine Monographie, 1910, p.64. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/b534be4a-d36a-4ea6-b1d3-17be4074eae5/Screenshot+2025-11-22+011729.png Pre Colonial African Art Project 3. War song 4. Ode to women) Source : Hermann Rehse, Kiziba: Land und Leute: Eine Monographie, 1910, p.72. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/a6120c29-f564-4d07-88cf-6154563914fb/Screenshot+2025-11-22+012826.png Pre Colonial African Art Project German officer, Captain Kund. Source: Curt von Morgen, Durch Kamerun von Süd nach Nord: Reisen und Forschungen im Hinkerlande 1889 bis 1891 ., 1893, p.25. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/45bda4e6-92be-4e57-bb40-eb849fa14f5a/Screenshot+2025-11-22+013010.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/85f44271-948e-412f-9bd1-40ec8b03738a/Screenshot+2025-12-03+081628.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Harbor entrance of Dar es Salaam, the capital of German East Africa. Watercolour by R. Duschek. Source: H. Fonck, Die Naturschönheit deutscher Tropen: die Bevölkerung und Erschliessung, 1911. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/0460abc5-4dab-4820-80b2-045d25f22e32/Screenshot+2025-11-22+013110.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Martin Paul Samba, in Curt von Morgen, Durch Kamerun von Süd nach Nord: Durch Kamerun von Süd nach Nord: Reisen und Forschungen im Hinkerlande 1889 bis 1891 ., 1893, p.31. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/68adba61-1e0c-427d-af0a-50bed6bd736e/Screenshot+2025-11-22+013223.png Pre Colonial African Art Project A Yaoundé woman playing music for the dance. Curt von Morgen, Durch Kamerun von Süd nach Nord: Durch Kamerun von Süd nach Nord: Reisen und Forschungen im Hinkerlande 1889 bis 1891, 1893, p.40. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/9da164d7-8284-488a-9eb6-d0c5bbc79fa4/Screenshot+2025-11-22+013400.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/5d79e1e6-e157-47b8-8129-31c1896243fc/Screenshot+2025-11-22+013534.png Pre Colonial African Art Project An elephant hunt in Cameroun Curt von Morgen, Durch Kamerun von Süd nach Nord: TDurch Kamerun von Süd nach Nord: Reisen und Forschungen im Hinkerlande 1889 bis 1891 ., 1893, p.65. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/6780b3b4-4c5f-492c-9f85-8e15e7f7a02b/Screenshot+2025-11-22+013806.png Pre Colonial African Art Project War games at King Nguila’s court. Cameroon, Curt von Morgen, Durch Kamerun von Süd nach Nord: Durch Kamerun von Süd nach Nord: Reisen und Forschungen im Hinkerlande 1889 bis 1891 ., 1893, p.86. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/120b59f7-078e-494b-954b-3a1a24097622/Screenshot+2025-11-22+015637.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/20d04740-469d-43c8-870d-72518b2f6af5/Screenshot+2025-11-22+015750.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Lieutenant Dominik and his attendants, 1894. Cook Aman Sudani (Sudanese); King Ioory (Kru boy); Soldier Sennessi (Sierra Leone). Source: Hans Dominik, Kamerun: Sechs Kriegs - und Friedensjahre in deutschen Tropen, 1901, p.12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/40784dac-940f-4094-85bd-eeea6736042e/Screenshot+2025-11-22+015845.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Group of the police force in Cameroon dating from 1894. 1. Sergeant Krause 2. Gunsmith Zimmermann 3. Lieutenant Dominik 4. Hospital orderly Seebe 5. Police Sergeant Biernatzki Source: Hans Dominik, Kamerun: Sechs Kriegs - und Friedensjahre in deutschen Tropen, 1901, p.13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/5d240fb4-de97-4a72-98ab-a9d8f503d9d4/Screenshot+2025-11-22+020125.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/d4687f93-1d67-4832-b38a-dadc0eaff7c6/Screenshot+2025-11-22+020243.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/29b530c9-b431-4a1a-b432-3634e5b0fea2/Screenshot+2025-11-22+020445.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/f8b48c6c-6824-485c-a01d-fb86d3ebd600/pare+.png Pre Colonial African Art Project At the western edge of the Parege Mountains. (located in northeastern Tanzania, in the Kilimanjaro Region) Source : J.J. von Dannholz, Im Banne des Geisterglaubens: Züge des animistischen Heidentums bei den Wasu in Deutsch-Ostafrika, 1916. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/7237d4bc-4edf-4075-8c42-69277d0fa8ea/Screenshot+2025-12-02+051940.png Pre Colonial African Art Project A bell tower, Source : J.J. von Dannholz, Im Banne des Geisterglaubens: Züge des animistischen Heidentums bei den Wasu in Deutsch-Ostafrika, 1916, p.129. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/8382e51b-74bc-4c3c-ae26-cf65ec499a07/Screenshot+2025-12-02+052625.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Fully grown male gorilla from southern Cameroon, killed in 1907. Source: Jasper von Oertzen, In Wildnis und Gefangenschaft: Kameruner Tierstudie, 1913, p.5. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/25eb71ac-9897-4f0d-a9d6-02b3fe44d37f/Screenshot+2025-12-02+053152.png Pre Colonial African Art Project A gorilla. Source: Jasper von Oertzen, In Wildnis und Gefangenschaft: Kameruner Tierstudie, 1913, p.8. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/d9a5be90-78b8-487e-860c-a44f98f4a311/Screenshot+2025-12-03+095446.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Kilwa Kiwindje (a historic town on Tanzania's coast known for its mix of Swahili and German colonial architecture and its history as a hub for the 19th-century slave trade). Watercolour by R. Duschek. Source: H. Fonck, Die Naturschönheit deutscher Tropen: die Bevölkerung und Erschliessung, 1911. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/c3b9e687-e194-4bdd-8085-ec182ee5827e/Screenshot+2025-12-02+053454.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Chimpanzees in Cameroon. Source: Jasper von Oertzen, In Wildnis und Gefangenschaft: Kameruner Tierstudie, 1913. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/8c10af3d-c5bd-4fd8-8c92-a388b10e0534/Screenshot+2025-12-02+053831.png Pre Colonial African Art Project A chimpanzee from Jokon, in Cameroon. Source: Jasper von Oertzen, In Wildnis und Gefangenschaft: Kameruner Tierstudie, 1913. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/fa0e5472-2981-49bf-9db1-ded0eee28306/Screenshot+2025-12-02+054315.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Emotions expressed by chimpanzees: (top left) grief, then (top right) contentment, (bottom left) curiosity, and finally (bottom right) astonishment. Chimpanzee from the Yaoundé area, Anthropithecus raripilosus. All great apes have expressive facial expressions. Source: Jasper von Oertzen, In Wildnis und Gefangenschaft: Kameruner Tierstudie, 1913. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/ec155c12-02e4-428f-904d-adc566d4ea66/Screenshot+2025-12-02+055445.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/331e15b4-8e24-45fb-aee7-a685b40cae3f/Screenshot+2025-12-02+055833.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/6a4977f7-a2bc-4ea3-97e8-47668e7e79fe/Screenshot+2025-12-02+060417.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/659d5357-74b7-4738-981f-a6ba1304a721/Screenshot+2025-12-02+060910.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/4ec5fec8-de85-4f74-864b-0dd3294604c7/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061011.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/fb65c2cb-ace0-44a6-9e5d-1ce96291721b/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061048.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/efb77b92-98b2-49da-ae90-394d78140d59/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061113.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/e43c22d0-e8fd-4e84-ab4a-30c1739c4b61/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061142.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/1b78aa4f-1690-4517-b806-142e2e7fc8f8/Screenshot+2025-12-03+073616.png Pre Colonial African Art Project A small fishing craft of local fishermen off the coast of Dar es Salaam. Watercolour by R. Duschek. Source: H. Fonck, Die Naturschönheit deutscher Tropen: die Bevölkerung und Erschliessung, 1911. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/d88e3080-3bdb-4c70-9abf-c78421b86036/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061239.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/a05fa996-6e74-4875-93ec-adbbafe54226/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061313.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/7588537f-6ef5-40d5-a72c-78ee8b4fe3f3/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061333.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/b1d8ab1b-c5b6-4088-9353-6ee28a804588/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061402.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/6755290e-ff38-43e9-a605-0da7fec66efd/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061437.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/6dd51cbb-4152-4937-b163-87d85f4667e3/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061503.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/812349f8-8b24-4281-a9af-bdd0338bb875/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061524.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/072acbde-e90e-441b-904d-77d8314cf65a/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061549.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/30482abf-ed55-4225-ae92-3b722f3d6a91/Screenshot+2025-12-06+000204.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Stanley in Zanzibar, Source: Stanley's Reise durch den dunklen Welttheil, 1880. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/93d3963e-87b0-452e-b683-ae12314a60af/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061613.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/e0bfacd1-7d68-4b61-b2da-5757b33b353c/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061633.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/4a06a170-eda3-4355-9fe6-37020f3a43b2/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061705.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/845216ff-1584-4a09-9a62-84b31ed880e5/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061729.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/18d6430f-de1a-4669-86f4-943e8e5425e6/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061804.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/693ea95c-36fe-4711-a39d-756b30c76fe0/Screenshot+2025-12-06+000348.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Armed encounter on the river: Stanley and the Wangwana in a canoe with rifles, facing other African canoes armed with spears. Source: Stanley's Reise durch den dunklen Welttheil, 1880. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/88dce087-8fef-42b2-8fd5-bee925252802/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061837.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/41d0d5f8-5c76-4089-82fe-b26859267d03/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061915.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/b73d00a9-c5a2-4d63-a0af-1a79cdd4f8ae/Screenshot+2025-12-02+061944.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/a37ba935-98b4-4941-818f-6fa19bd37119/Screenshot+2025-12-02+062203.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/0e40a205-f21e-4d10-9b80-297c0ea93be6/Screenshot+2025-12-02+062257.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/93e3f217-d8a7-4f95-93ef-07615f614709/Screenshot+2025-12-02+055156.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/3609f402-05f4-4de8-aadd-b7c995379bd4/Screenshot+2025-12-03+090106.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Merchants’ Street in Dar es Salaam. Watercolour by R. Duschek. Source: H. Fonck, Die Naturschönheit deutscher Tropen: die Bevölkerung und Erschliessung, 1911. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/dce3ef79-ea99-49b4-a158-858e4cc36bf3/Screenshot+2025-12-03+192731.png Pre Colonial African Art Project An Arab-style fortress on the island of Kilwa Kisiwani in Tanzania. Watercolour by R. Duschek. Source: H. Fonck, Die Naturschönheit deutscher Tropen: die Bevölkerung und Erschliessung, 1911. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/fb4074fb-1cd3-4cd7-bfe9-4a5a47b17753/Screenshot+2025-12-03+204743.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Alt-Langenburg Station on the northern shore of Lake Nyassa in Tanzania. Watercolour by R. Duschek. Source: H. Fonck, Die Naturschönheit deutscher Tropen: die Bevölkerung und Erschliessung, 1911. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/30c5993a-b186-42d7-9c2c-abe223f01dca/Screenshot+2025-12-04+085327.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Drummers and fife players in Djenné. Source: Richard Landers & John Landers, Die Entdeckung des Nigers in Afrika : Eine unterhaltende und belehrende Reisebeschreibung für die Jugend. 1843. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/25ac7e99-2c04-4f76-9e38-8f8a2c07db50/Screenshot+2025-12-04+085414.png Pre Colonial African Art Project A fetish-maker. Source: Richard Landers & John Landers, Die Entdeckung des Nigers in Afrika : Eine unterhaltende und belehrende Reisebeschreibung für die Jugend. 1843. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/afbbe06e-2e9b-43d3-ad1d-c9dd0ec04f51/Screenshot+2025-12-04+092910.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/e1ead3ba-6287-44e2-ae35-bb4bee7dabbe/Screenshot+2025-12-04+115029.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Slave-raiding scene in Africa: a mother tries to shield her children during an attack as one child is seized to be taken into slavery. Source: Joseph Josenhans, Bilder aus der Missionswelt für die deutsche Jugend, 1855. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/ed45ac5c-c383-45d7-8108-9e168d72decf/Screenshot+2025-12-04+115453.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Abeokuta (Egba country, east of Dahomey): persecution of newly converted Christians—arrest and punishment of the captives. Source: Joseph Josenhans, Bilder aus der Missionswelt für die deutsche Jugend, 1855. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/a1ede0da-1eb7-418b-b1fd-c8efcd78609b/Screenshot+2025-12-04+120009.png Pre Colonial African Art Project The first visit of a missionary to a Black African town in the interior of Africa. Source: Joseph Josenhans, Bilder aus der Missionswelt für die deutsche Jugend, 1855. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/b12f0dfd-67d2-47fa-819a-6fd0b3d15ebc/kamalia.png Pre Colonial African Art Project View of the town of Kamalia. Source: M. chr. Schulz, Mungo Park's Reise in Afrika, 1805. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/28082a5d-1efd-4215-be5c-7ec50e8ccecb/Screenshot+2025-12-05+234614.png Pre Colonial African Art Project The suspension bridge over the Baffin River (or Black River). Source: M. chr. Schulz, Mungo Park's Reise in Afrika, 1805. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/d9dbd169-c8d5-4477-ac23-693c44a35bd8/Screenshot+2025-12-05+235058.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Ali in his tent at the camp near Benown. Source: M. chr. Schulz, Mungo Park's Reise in Afrika, 1805. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/1066fdb5-a50d-431b-b932-372fb3c0b247/Screenshot+2025-12-06+001707.png Pre Colonial African Art Project The mounted bodyguard of the Sheikh of Bornu. Source: Karl Friedrich Voltrath Hoffmann, Die Völker der Erde, ihr Leben, ihre Sitten und Gebräuche, zur Belehrung und Unterhaltung, 1840. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/6c59042f-ca5a-4148-841c-ed301a7930b9/Screenshot+2025-12-06+001912.png Pre Colonial African Art Project African warriors in the service of the Sheikh of Bornu. Source: Karl Friedrich Voltrath Hoffmann, Die Völker der Erde, ihr Leben, ihre Sitten und Gebräuche, zur Belehrung und Unterhaltung, 1840. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/ac66627f-2fc8-400d-be3f-9e775559689b/Meyerheim-Menagerie.jpg Pre Colonial African Art Project In der Tierbude (In the menagerie), by Paul Friedrich Meyerheim, Berlin, 1894 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/f04e4275-b7a0-4637-909f-a1fc6381b1c6/Screenshot+2025-12-06+002022.png Pre Colonial African Art Project A New Hollander. Source: Karl Friedrich Voltrath Hoffmann, Die Völker der Erde, ihr Leben, ihre Sitten und Gebräuche, zur Belehrung und Unterhaltung, 1840. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/3aded217-28c3-463d-a997-2e7bcf86f5ac/Screenshot+2025-12-06+002614.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/061c3402-2790-4683-b6e6-a70ac1fafd3c/Screenshot+2025-12-06+002718.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/c322ff7e-566d-4438-a18f-3c3b84b8681c/Screenshot+2025-12-06+002849.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/6ececcdb-073f-4521-9017-5f1653cdcf51/Screenshot+2025-12-06+002940.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/93b5885e-24ef-40a7-9533-c0769d84621f/Screenshot+2025-12-06+003014.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/19afef62-14d1-4ccc-9bfc-b2c675422bd3/Screenshot+2025-12-06+003506.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/f9748d92-d86c-4ba3-bae9-6b465d304d01/Screenshot+2025-12-06+003713.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/f2dd14b4-25b7-4e29-9db8-ef5bdbf10ed8/Screenshot+2025-12-06+003805.png Pre Colonial African Art Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/a04fd7ef-cac8-4755-a6a4-cfbf4ca2935f/default.jpg Pre Colonial African Art Project Princess-Abbess Franziska Christine of Palatinate-Sulzbach with the court “Moor” Ignatius Fortuna, painting by J. Schmitz, c. 1770. (Princess Franziska Christine Foundation, Essen). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/ab4552c2-e675-4388-887d-9b27f27fb409/Screenshot+2025-12-30+213400.png Pre Colonial African Art Project A satirical Kladderadatsch cartoon (Berlin, 30 May 1920) depicts a gorilla abducting an unconscious white woman, under the racist headline “Der schwarze Terror in deutschen Landen” (“Black terror in German lands”). Unknown artist, Kladderadatsch 73/22, p. 317; digitized copy held by the Heidelberg University Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/97f64f75-8a6b-49dd-82cd-7129c19a78b8/k40-25b.jpg Pre Colonial African Art Project “French Culture.” The cartoon depicts a French colonial soldier shown as having attacked and violated a French woman; the caption below reads: “Robbery, murder, and racial defilement.” Source: Kladderadatsch, no. 25 (1940), Heidelberg collection. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/fee30f27-5b45-4f33-b873-5f40434eb6aa/Screenshot+2026-01-02+170630.png Pre Colonial African Art Project Somali Dance by Max Pechstein, 1910 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/3f9e0fa9-613f-40cd-a8c1-6e8f6c104c90/new_96.jpg Pre Colonial African Art Project https://www.bertrandngong.com/583544494043 daily 0.75 2025-11-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/685f11812445ab197e16bb25/dde16476-a69f-44ce-909f-12ba0a3c3a12/Bertrand+Collins+Ngong+CV https://www.bertrandngong.com/donate daily 0.75 2026-02-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1615225259531-0HK0SKZ3FR5VOEIG39FB/Rectangle+26.jpg Donate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1615225322403-8M32U1NK41JYCCJQCWP7/Rectangle+25.jpg Donate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1615225298850-6RK21Y7YG7VPMPS9NQT9/Rectangle+27.jpg Donate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1615225322403-8M32U1NK41JYCCJQCWP7/Rectangle+25.jpg Donate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1615225259531-0HK0SKZ3FR5VOEIG39FB/Rectangle+26.jpg Donate https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1755286226001-8R0K2W3NRTYXQ4KWAFD4/imgg-demo-EpGLe4Je.png https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5ec321c2af33de48734cc929/1756327774962-127GUGOLQ3HGXE0MA9F5/imgg-demo-ewtBxNR1.png